Hybrid surgical approach excision of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): A case report of GIST at an unusual location and review of the literature.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common malignant subepithelial lesions involving the gastrointestinal tract. Surgical techniques have been the mainstay of treatment, however, in recent times hybrid surgeries are being introduced yielding better clinical outcomes.

Capsicum annuum Oleoresin Nanoemulgel - Design Characterization and In vitro Investigation of Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities.

BACKGROUND: The use of naturally occurring bioactive materials is getting great attention owing to their safety and environmental properties. Oily compounds, known as oleoresins, are expected to provide an important source for the natural products industry aiming to develop novel treatments for skin conditions. In this work, Capsicum annuum oleoresin nanoemulgel formulations have been prepared and investigated for their antibacterial and anticancer properties. METHODOLOGY: Several C. annuum oleoresin nanoemulgel formulations were prepared by incorporating a Carbopol 940 gel in a self-nanoemulsifying nanoemulsion consisting of C. annuum, tween 80, and span 80. The systems were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and rheology. The in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the optimum formulation were evaluated. RESULTS: The selected formulation is composed of 40% tween, 10% span 80, and 40% C. annuum oleoresin. This formulation produced a stable nanoemulsion with a narrow PDI value of 0.179 ± 0.08 and a droplet size of 104.0 ± 2.6 nm. Results of the in vitro antimicrobial studies indicated high potency of the systems against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (zone of inhibition of 29 ± 1.9 mm), E. coli (33 ± 0.9 mm), K. pneumonia (30 ± 1.4 mm), and C. albicans (21 ± 1.5 mm), as compared to the reference antibiotic, ampicillin (18 ± 1.4 mm against K. pneumonia), and antifungal agent, fluconazole (12 ± 0.1 mm against C. albicans). Furthermore, cytotoxicity results, expressed as IC50 values, revealed that the oleoresin and its nanoemulgel had the best effects against the HepG2 cell line (IC50 value of 79.43 µg/mL for the nanoemulgel) and MCF7 (IC50 value of 57.54 µg/mL), and the most potent effect was found against 3T3 (IC50 value of 45.7 µg/m- L). On the other side, the system did not substantially exhibit activity against By-61 and Hela. CONCLUSION: C. annuum oleoresin and its nanoemulgel can be considered valuable sources for the discovery of new antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer compounds in the pharmaceutical industry, especially due to their potent activity against various cancer cell lines as well as bacterial and fungal strains.

Physiological, Agronomic, and Grain Quality Responses of Diverse Rice Genotypes to Various Irrigation Regimes under Aerobic Cultivation Conditions.

Aerobic rice cultivation represents an innovative approach to reduce water consumption and enhance water use efficiency compared to traditional transplanting methods. Simultaneously, cultivating drought-tolerant rice genotypes becomes crucial to ensure their sustainable production under abrupt climate fluctuations. Hence, this study aimed to explore the physiological, agronomic, and grain quality responses of ten diverse rice genotypes to various irrigation levels under aerobic cultivation conditions. A field experiment was performed for two summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 in an arid Mediterranean climate. The irrigation regimes were well watered (13,998 m3/ha), mild drought (10,446 m3/ha), moderate drought (7125 m3/ha), and severe drought (5657 m3/ha). The results revealed considerable variations among rice genotypes under tested irrigation regimes in all physiological, agronomic, and quality traits. According to drought response indices, rice genotypes were classified into three groups (A-C), varying from tolerant to sensitive genotypes. The identified drought-tolerant genotypes (Giza-179, Hybrid-1, Giza-178, and Line-9399) recorded higher yields and crop water productivity with reduced water usage compared to drought-sensitive genotypes. Thus, these genotypes are highly recommended for cultivation in water-scarce environments. Furthermore, their characteristics could be valuable in breeding programs to improve drought tolerance in rice, particularly under aerobic cultivation conditions. The PCA biplot, heatmap, and hierarchical clustering highlighted specific physiological parameters such as relative water content, chlorophyll content, proline content, peroxidase content, and catalase content exhibited robust associations with yield traits under water deficit conditions. These parameters offer valuable insights and could serve as rapid indicators for assessing drought tolerance in rice breeding programs in arid environments.

Surgical Outcomes of Retinal Detachment in Knobloch Syndrome.

PURPOSE: To describe the rate, characteristics, and outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) in patients with Knobloch syndrome. DESIGN: A single-center retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: 50 patients with Knobloch syndrome diagnosed clinically with or without molecular confirmation of recessive pathogenic COL18A1 variants. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with Knobloch syndrome from November 1st, 1983, to March 31st, 2023. Demographic data, ophthalmic evaluation at baseline and follow-up, interventions, and final anatomic and visual outcomes were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rate, time of onset, characteristics, and treatment outcomes of RD. RESULTS: Fifty patients with Knobloch syndrome were included. Males constituted 56% of cases. The diagnosis was confirmed with molecular genetic testing in 37 (74%) patients. 22 patients (44%) had documented occipital bony defects or scalp lesions. Forty-eight of 100 eyes (48%) developed RD at a mean age of 6.5 (SD = 6.1) years. The mean follow-up was 7.7 (SD = 5.6) years [range 6 months - 24.3 years]. Macular hole-related RD comprised 33% of RD cases. The overall single surgery success rate was 36% and the final anatomical success rate was 70%. Macular hole-related RD carried a slightly worse prognosis with a 58% final anatomical success rate. Vitrectomy with adjunct scleral buckle and silicone oil tamponade provided the highest single surgery success (62.2%). In eyes with measurable best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the mean preoperative BCVA was 1.2 logMAR (Snellen equivalent 20/320). After successful repair, mean VA was 1.3 logMAR (Snellen equivalent 20/500). CONCLUSIONS: Retinal Detachment in Knobloch syndrome is frequent and occurs in young children. Macular hole retinal detachment comprises one-third of RD cases and requires careful macular evaluation. Vitrectomy, combined with scleral buckling and silicone oil tamponade appear to provide the best anatomical outcomes.

Prevalence of spinal deformity development after surgical management of a congenital heart disease among children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Open heart surgery is the most common treatment for congenital heart disease. Thoracotomy, sternotomy, or a combination of both are the main approaches used in open heart surgeries. In cardiac surgery, there have been concerns that these surgeries increase the likelihood of spinal deformities. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis provided updated evidence on the prevalence of spinal deformities following congenital heart surgery. METHOD: EMBASE, Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used to search for studies published until 2022. We include randomized clinical trials and observational studies that reported the prevalence of spinal deformities (scoliosis and kyphosis) after congenital heart surgery among participants without these deformities before surgery. Two independent reviewers independently screened literature identified from the databases. Two reviewers independently conducted screening of studies identified during the search, data extraction, and quality assessment of the included studies. RESULTS: In total, 688 studies were screened; 13 retrospective and one prospective cohort studies were included, encompassing 2294 participants. The pooled prevalence of spinal deformities (scoliosis and kyphosis) after open heart surgery performed on skeletally immature patients was 23.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 23.1-35.3; I2 = 97.5%). CONCLUSION: This review suggests that the prevalence of spinal deformities was high among patients who underwent sternotomy or thoracotomy.

Effect of drying system, layer thickness and drying temperature on the drying parameters, product quality, energy consumption and cost of the marjoram leaves.

The main aim of this work is to study the main factors affecting the quality of the dried product and the energy requirements through optimizing these factors. To achieve that different drying systems (solar, hybrid solar and oven dryings), layers thickness (1, 2 and 3 cm) and drying temperatures (50, 60 and 70 °C) were used. The obtained results indicated that, the accumulated weight loss of marjoram leaves ranged from 73.22 to 76.9%, for all treatments under study. The moisture content of marjoram leaves ranged from 273.39 to 333.17, 258.02 to 333.04 and 269.38 to 324.90% d.b. for hybrid solar, oven and solar drying systems, respectively. The highest value of the drying rate of marjoram leaves (223.73 gwater kg-1 h-1) was obtained when the marjoram dried by oven drying system at 70 °C at 1 cm layer thickness. The highest values of the basil and marjoram oil content (2.91%) was obtained when the marjoram dried under sun drying system. The energy consumption for drying marjoram decreases with increasing drying temperature and layer thickness for hybrid solar and oven drying systems. The cost of dried marjoram dried under hybrid solar drying system was lower than those of oven drying system, the highest cost (13.48 LE kg-1) was obtained at a temperature of 50 °C and a layer thickness of 1 cm.

Exploring the relation between Interleukin-6 and high-sensitive cardiac troponin T in asymptomatic hemodialysis patient: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: High-sensitive cardiac troponin T (h-cTnT), which serves as a marker for myocardial damage, has also been linked to adverse outcomes in asymptomatic hemodialysis patients. This study aims to explore the correlation between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and h-cTnT in asymptomatic hemodialysis patients to unravel the relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular risk. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 81 patients was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023 at An-Najah National University Hospital in Palestine. We gathered clinical data, including comorbidities, and obtained blood samples for measuring IL-6 and h-cTnT levels. We performed statistical analyses, including correlation tests and linear regression, to assess the associations between these variables. RESULTS: The study revealed a notable increase in both h-cTnT and IL-6 levels, and a significant correlation between the two (rho = 0.463, P<0.001) in asymptomatic hemodialysis patients. Likewise, h-cTnT levels displayed positive correlations with age (rho = 0.519, P<0.001) and negative correlations with albumin (rho = -0.297, p = 0.007) and transferrin saturation (rho = -0.227, P = 0.042). IL-6 levels exhibited correlations with age (rho = 0.422, P<0.001), albumin (rho = -0.389, P<0.001), iron (rho = -0.382, P<0.001), and transferrin saturation (rho = -0.362, P = 0.001). Notably, higher h-cTnT levels were associated with diabetes, hypertension, a history of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular accidents, older age, and male gender. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the significant association between the inflammatory marker IL-6 and h-cTnT in asymptomatic hemodialysis patients, suggesting that inflammation may play an essential role in the elevation of h-cTnT levels. This association may have implications for predicting cardiovascular events and guiding interventions to reduce cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients.

Effect of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase supplementation to low-energy diets on performance, blood constituents, nutrient digestibility, and gene expressions related growth of broiler chickens.

The presence of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) was reported to reduce nutrient utilisation, and adversely impact the broilers' growth performance; accordingly, NSP-degrading enzymes are essential supplements to cereal-based diets. Therefore, the current trial was conducted to characterise the impacts of supplemental xylanase (Xyl) to diets with low-ME levels on performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, nutrient digestibility and some genes expressions in broiler chickens. A total of 600 1-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 10 replications of 10 birds each per group in a completely randomised design. The 6 treatments were as follow: (1) basal diets with balanced ME content served as control (positive control, PC), (2) low-energy diet (negative control 1 [NC1]; ME content reduced by 70 kcal/kg compared with PC), (3) low-energy diet (negative control 2 [NC2]; ME content reduced by 140 kcal/kg compared with PC), (4) NC1 + 100 g/ton xylanase (NC1 + 100Xyl), (5) NC2 + 100 g/ton xylanase (NC2 + 100Xyl), and (6) NC1 + 50 g/ton xylanase (NC1 + 50Xyl). At the end of the experiment (35 days of age), the reduction of energy in the NC diets yielded lower live body weight (BW) and total body weight gain (BWG) (p ˂ 0.001); however, it significantly increased feed intake (p ˂ 0.05), leading to worst feed conversion ratio (FCR) and European production efficiency factor (EPEF) (p ˂ 0.01) than PC. There was non-significant variation in final BW, BWG, FCR, or EPEF between the PC group and the NC groups supplemented with Xyl. Carcass yield, gizzard, liver and, muscle relative weights were not influenced by dietary treatments; while broilers fed diet with low-energy diets with or without Xyl addition had lower abdominal fat (p ˂ 0.01) than PC. Furthermore, broilers fed on low-ME diets supplemented with Xyl showed a reduction in plasma total cholesterol (p ˂ 0.05) and low density lipoprotein (p ˂ 0.01) levels. Greater antibody titre against Newcastle disease (p ˂ 0.05) was recorded in the NC1 + 100Xyl and NC2 + 100Xyl groups. The addition of Xyl to low-energy diets significantly improved (p ˂ 0.05) fibre digestibility compared to the PC group. Moreover, enzyme supplementation increased muscle total lipids content and decreased muscle thiobarbituric acid retroactive substance content. In addition, enzyme supplementation increased gene expression related to growth and gene expression related to fatty acid synthesis. It was concluded that a low-ME diet might diminish broiler performance, whereas Xyl supplementation to low-ME diets beneficially affected growth performance, abdominal fat percentage, nutrient digestibility and immunity for broilers, and gene expressions related to growth and fatty acid synthesis in broiler chickens fed low-energy diets.

Impact of mobile-based health education on the awareness of glaucoma in Saudi patients: Quasi-experimental study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of smart mobile phones utilization and applying Bandura's social learning theory in educating and raising awareness to glaucoma treatment compliance in primary chronic glaucoma Saudi patients, as well as examining the social learning process and determining the type of educational material (video, electronic document "brochure") with the highest efficacy in social learning as assessed by the change in Saudi patients' awareness. Finally to assess the variations contributing to chronic glaucoma patients' social learning. METHODS: A total of 150 Saudi patients with primary chronic glaucoma were recruited in our study. They were divided equally into three main groups: Control, electronic document brochure, and animated video. An electronic questionnaire was sent to them through WhatsApp twice, starting with the pretest and then after 1 week of the intervention the posttest questionnaire was sent. Results were collected for both the pretest and the posttest. The study was done at the outpatient clinic at King AbdulAziz University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: Upon comparison of the preintervention score for all groups, we found no significant difference. However, there was an improvement in the postintervention score among all groups in comparison to the preintervention score, with a statistically significant difference for the video group (P < 0.0001). Comparing the postintervention score for all groups, the video group was better than other two groups. CONCLUSION: Using mobile-based educational interventions may significantly increase patients' awareness. Both interventional methods were found to be effective in educating patients. However, video-based learning has been significantly more effective. Findings revealed that the most important factor is educational level, which enables better response to health education material.

Chromatographic analysis of the chemical composition and anticancer activities of Curcuma longa extract cultivated in Palestine.

Curcuma longa (turmeric) is a plant that has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine for centuries. Turmeric has a long history of use in both food and traditional medicine for the treatment of ailments such as diarrhea, cancer, flatulence, and dyspepsia. In Palestine, this plant was cultivated for the first time. The objective of this study was to characterize the extract of C. longa and assess its antimutagenic activity against a variety of cancer cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were employed to identify the constituents of turmeric. The cytotoxic effects of C. longa were evaluated on cancer and normal cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay. The results revealed the presence of 10 components in turmeric extract as identified by GC-MS. The major constituents comprising 78% of the total constituents were α-zingiberene (27.51%), tumeron (19.44%), ß-sesquiphellandrene (19.40%), and aromatic-tumeron (11.63%). HPLC analysis successfully separated the main constituent, curcumin (1.78%), along with two other curcumin derivatives. The cytotoxicity results demonstrated potent anticancer activity of the C. longa extract against HeLa and LX2 cell lines, with IC50 values of 46.84 ± 2.12 and 29.77 ± 1 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the plant extract at a concentration of 250 µg/mL exhibited over 95% inhibition against all tested cancer cell lines. These findings highlight the promising potential of turmeric as a natural source with powerful anticancer activities. Moreover, the extract may possess other biological activities such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which could be explored in future studies.

Biological Evaluation of Xanthene and Thioxanthene Derivatives as Antioxidant, Anticancer, and COX Inhibitors.

Xanthene and thioxanthene analogues have been investigated for their potential as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. Additionally, cysteine analogues have been found to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities due to their role in cellular redox balance, scavenging of free radicals, and involvement in nucleophilic reactions and enzyme binding sites. In this study, we synthesized a library of tertiary alcohols derived from xanthene and thioxanthene, and further, some of these compounds were coupled with cysteine. The objective of this research was to explore the potential anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of the synthesized compounds. The synthesized compounds were subjected to test for anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Results indicated that compound 3 exhibited excellent inhibition activity (IC50 = 9.6 ± 1.1 nM) against colon cancer cells (Caco-2), while compound 2 showed good inhibition activity (IC50 = 161.3 ± 41 nM) against hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cells. Compound 4 demonstrated potent antioxidant inhibition activity (IC50 = 15.44 ± 6 nM), and compound 7 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition IC50 (4.37 ± 0.78 nM) and high selectivity for COX-2 (3.83). In conclusion, certain synthesized compounds displayed promising anticancer activity and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, additional research is necessary to create more analogues, develop a more distinct comprehension of the structure-activity relationship (SAR), and perform in vivo experiments to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the compounds under examination. Such research may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic agents with potential applications in cancer and inflammatory diseases.

Spindle cell lipoma of the tongue: First case report from the Gulf region and review of the literature.

Spindle cell lipoma is a histological variant of oral lipomas. In this report, we present the first case from the Gulf region with the most comprehensive literature review. Clinicians should consider rare tumors in the differential diagnoses of oral masses.

Microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium bifidum F-35 via modulation of emulsifying technique and its mechanical effects on the rheological stability of set-yogurt.

Microencapsulation of B. bifidum F-35 was carried out through emulsification technique in order to increase the microbial load while maintaining the rheological functions of set-yogurt. To produce single-layer (SL) microcapsules of whey protein, the pH was adjusted to 6.4 within Transglutaminase-induced gelation. Sodium alginate was processed as the external layer using calcium-induced gelation (pH 5.5) to produce the double-layer (DL) microcapsule. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that SL and DL microcapsules had sizes of 10 and 280 µm, respectively. The highest microbial load was clearly visible in the DL sample. According to texture profile analysis, the DL sample had the highest levels of gumminess, chewiness, and adhesiveness. The free sample outperformed the encapsulated samples in terms of springiness and cohesiveness. Although the SL sample had the highest viscosity, it produced a deformed gel when firmness was measured. In terms of firmness, the DL sample performed quite well. The viability of encapsulated B. bifidum F-35 in DL was higher than SL microcapsules during storage. Microencapsulation of B. bifidum F-35 with whey protein and sodium alginate is a promising technique that could improve the rheological properties of set-yogurt as a popular vehicle for bioactive ingredients.

Optic Nerve Avulsion: Pattern and Etiologies at a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Saudi Arabia: An 8-Year Retrospective Study.

Purpose: Optic nerve avulsion (ONA) is a rare but serious presentation of ocular trauma. This study investigates the presenting characteristics and etiologies of all cases of ONA over an 8-year-period at a tertiary eye care center in the Middle East. Methods: The medical records of patients diagnosed with ONA at an Ophthalmic Emergency Department between November 2014 and November 2022 were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study. Data were collected on patient age, sex, affected eye, cause of injury and imaging studies. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation and at the last follow-up visit, and the duration of follow-up were documented. Results: The study sample was comprised of 44 eyes of 43 patients with ONA with median age of 16.5 (9.3-26.8) years ranging from 2 years old to 70 years old. There were (35;79.5%) males and (9; 20.5%) females. Most cases presented with an affected left eye (27; 61.4%) followed by the right eye (16; 36.4%) and only one patient (2.3%) had bilateral ONA. The most common cause of trauma resulting in ONA was a metallic object (8;18.2%). This study demonstrates the value of multi-sequence Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the setting of unexplained vision loss when other modalities are inadequate or inconclusive. Conclusion: Ophthalmic morbidity resulting from ONA can be devastating. Metallic object injuries were the most prevalent cause of ONA. The presence of associated media opacities challenges the initial diagnosis of ONA. In the vast majority of cases, the vision ended as no light perception (NLP), indicating permanent vision impairment.

Assessing the Efficacy of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Facelift Outcomes: A Case-Control Study Comparing Outcomes in Patients With and Without Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy.

Background: Wound healing remains among the most concerning complications in aesthetic surgery. The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is an accepted method of supporting wound healing. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the role of HBOT in postoperative healing and complication rates following facelift surgery. Methods: This case-control study comprised facelift patients who received HBOT and those who did not between 2019 and 2022. Data were extracted from the patients' medical records, with the primary outcomes being the presence of complications, wound-healing duration, and patient satisfaction. Results: The authors recruited 20 female patients who underwent facelift for this study, with 9 patients in the HBOT group and 11 patients in the control group. The average number of HBOT sessions received was 7.22, and each session lasted an average of 78 ± 5 min. The duration of wound healing in the HBOT group ranged from 7 to 30 days (mean of 13.3 days), whereas the control group ranged from 6 to 90 days (mean of 36.9 days). This indicates a statistically significant shorter time to wound healing in the HBOT group compared to the control group (P < .001). Conclusions: Future prospective randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and blinding are needed to further evaluate the potential benefits of HBOT in the postoperative period. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that HBOT may be a promising adjunctive therapy for patients undergoing facelift surgery.

Assessment of anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant activity of Ocimum Basilicum seeds essential oil from Palestine.

BACKGROUND: Many modern pharmaceutical researchers continue to focus on the discovery and evaluation of natural compounds for possible therapies for obesity, diabetes, infections, cancer, and oxidative stress. Extraction of Ocimum basilicum seed essential oil and evaluation of its antioxidant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities were the goals of the current study. METHOD: O. basilicum seed essential oil was extracted and evaluated for its anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties utilizing standard biomedical assays. RESULTS: O. basilicum seed essential oil showed good anticancer activity against Hep3B (IC50 56.23 ± 1.32 µg/ml) and MCF-7 (80.35 ± 1.17 µg/ml) when compared with the positive control, Doxorubicin. In addition, the essential oil showed potent antibacterial (against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and antifungal (against Candida albicans) activities. Moreover, as for the anti-amylase test, IC50 was 74.13 ± 1.1 µg/ml, a potent effect compared with the IC50 of acarbose, which was 28.10 ± 0.7 µg/ml. On the other hand, for the anti-lipase test, the IC50 was 112.20 ± 0.7 µg/ml a moderate effect compared with the IC50 of orlistat, which was 12.30 ± 0.8 µg/ml. Finally, the oil had a potent antioxidant effect with an IC50 of 23.44 ± 0.9 µg/ml compared with trolox (IC50 was 2.7 ± 0.5 µg/ml). CONCLUSION: This study has provided initial data that supports the importance of O. basilcum essential oil in traditional medicine. The extracted oil not only exhibited significant anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties but also antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects, which provided a foundation for future research.

Potential Application of Innovative Aspergillus terreus/ Sodium Alginate Composite Beads as Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Adsorbents for Alizarin Red S Dye: Isotherms and Kinetics Models.

Fungi were used as one of the most common bioremediation methods. From this perspective, our study highlights the optimization of Alizarin Red S (ARS) dye adsorption performance for the sodium alginate (SA) by using the fungus Aspergillus terreus (A. terreus) to form a composite bead and the possibility of its reusability. This was accomplished by mixing SA with different ratios of biomass powder of A. terreus, including 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, to form composite beads of A. terreus/SA-0%, A. terreus/SA-10%, A. terreus/SA-20%, A. terreus/SA-30%, and A. terreus/SA-40%, respectively. The ARS adsorption characteristics of these composite mixtures were analyzed at various mass ratios, temperatures, pH values, and initial concentrations. Moreover, sophisticated techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to detect the morphological and chemical properties of this composite, respectively. The experimental results revealed that A. terreus/SA-20% composite beads have the highest adsorption capacity of 188 mg/g. Its optimum adsorption conditions were achieved at 45 ∘C and pH 3. Moreover, the ARS adsorption was well explained by the Langmuir isotherm (qm = 192.30 mg/g) and pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetics. The SEM and FTIR findings corroborated the superior uptake of A. terreus/SA-20% composite beads. Lastly, the A. terreus/SA-20% composite beads can be employed as an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to other common adsorbents for ARS.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome in the setting of re-occurring malignancies after 27 years of remission: a case report.

Multiple primary tumors are defined as multiple simultaneous (within 6 months) or heterogeneous tumors. Case presentation: Here, the authors present the case of a 58-year-old Saudi female patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who has multiple primary tumors. Clinical discussion: The surgical cytoreduction or 'debulking' technique is the main treatment option started in individuals with High Grade Serous Ovarian CanceR. This surgical strategy aims to completely remove all disseminated tumor masses that are present in the patient's peritoneal cavity on a macroscopic level. Conclusion: In conclusion, in our case, she has developed her ovarian cancer 27 years after her breast cancer got treated. This was already stage IIIB to stage IV. If it was not for her incidental discovery of her urinary bladder cancer, which is most likely is a long-term sequel of using cyclophosphamide 27 years ago.Multiple primary tumors are defined as multiple simultaneous (within 6 months) or heterogeneous tumors. Here, the authors present the case of a 58-year-old Saudi female patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome who has multiple primary tumors. In conclusion, in our case, she has developed her ovarian cancer 27 years after her breast cancer got treated. This was already stage IIIB to stage IV. If it was not for her incidental discovery of her urinary bladder cancer, which is most likely is a long-term sequel of using cyclophosphamide 27 years ago.

Polypharmacy among patients with hypertension attending primary healthcare centres.

Saudi Arabia has several hypertensive patients who require close attention and specialised care for their medications. Polypharmacy is one of the reasons for the failure of patient compliance with antihypertensive medications. Therefore, this study aims to gain a better perspective on polypharmacy in hypertensive patients attending primary healthcare (PHC) centres in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study of hypertensive patients followed up at 10 PHC centres in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2022. Frequencies and percentages were used to present categorical data, and Pearson's χ 2 test was used to measure differences. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 506 patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 60 years, and more than half (69%) were females. Regarding antihypertensive medication use, 64% were on antihypertensive combination therapy, 76% on dual therapy, 21% on triple therapy, and 3% on quadruple therapy. Moreover, 21% of the hypertensive patients were exposed to polypharmacy. There was a significant relationship (P<0.001) between the overall number of chronic medications used per day and the duration of hypertension. Conclusion: More clinical research is needed to identify the impact of polypharmacy on the quality of healthcare in PHC centres in general and hypertensive patients specifically in different regions of Saudi Arabia.